Authors

Merkulova Maria M.
TYPOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN-PLANNING SOLUTIONS FOR 19th-EARLY 20th CENTURY WOODEN BUILDINGS IN KRASNOYARSK

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №1 (37) March, 2012

The article considers the context in which wooden buildings were constructed in Krasnoyarsk, and their specific features. Types of smallholding complexes are defined in accordance with their planning and functional organisation, and functional and spatial planning types of housing aare considered at individual historical periods. A review of archival materials reveals two basic types of spatial organisation of urban smallholdings in the first half of the 20th century, which consisted of a court yard with residential and household structures and a kitchen garden, or of two court yards – the "clean" one and the housekeeping one. In the 1870-1890s, Krasnoyarsk was gradually losing its basic patriarchal lifestyle. Smallholdings tended to be more densely built up, kitchen gardens being increasingly often occupied with householding structures or additions. In the 1900-1910s, traditional smallholdings were gradually phased out of the central areas of the city. In the late 19th – early 20th century, the principal functional types of smallholding became clearly identifiable: residential smallholding, residential holding with houses for rent, and mixed type with manufacturing or trading functions. In the first half of the 19th century, the spatial planning of wooden houses in Krasnoyarsk had a lot of features of vernacular wooden architecture. The city was built up with wooden one and two-storied log houses. Throughout that period, there were "peasant"-type houses and "urban"-type detached houses and apartment houses with a variety of planning solutions co-existing in the city. The expansion of commercial housing construction ended up in the emergence of a standard type of commercial housing for rent with 2-4 apartments.