Authors

Solonina Nadezhda S., Tsorik Alena V., Shipitsyna Olga A.
THE INDUSTRIAL IDENTITY OF EKATERINBURG: THE IMAGE OF THE CITY IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORICALLY FORMED INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (74) June, 2021

The article presents an argument for the importance of studying the industrial identity of Ekaterinburg, which implies the need to reveal the city’s industrial framework. A methodology has been developed to enable the creation of a model of this framework. The model includes three stages, in accordance with which the results of the study are presented. The main historical industrial complexes of Ekaterinburg have been identified and studied: Ekaterinburg’s Iron-Making Mill (“History Park”), Verkh-Isetsky Mill, and Uralmash Mill. A survey/quiz was carried out among Ekaterinburg residents to find out their attitude to the industrial heritage under study. The spatial-semantic system of interactions between the historically formed industrial complexes of Ekaterinburg as the city’s industrial framework has been determined and substantiated. Prospects for further development of the framework are outlined with the aim of integrating all existing historical industrial sites and facilities of Ekaterinburg and creating new sightseeing routes for getting acquainted with the industrial history of the city.

Shipitsyna Olga A., Luzhetskaya Ekaterina M.
HISTORICISM IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF EKATERINBURG AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY: REGIONAL SPECIFICS IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (74) June, 2021

The article describes the process of identifying the regional specifics of historicism in the architecture of Ekaterinburg at the turn of the 21st century by studying retrospectively-oriented modern objects in the city with the help of a specially developed methodology. The historical and critical study establishes the chronology and main trends in the formation of historicism, which is followed by a review of the influence of Ekaterinburg’s historical Classicist and Constructivist heritage on retrospectively-oriented modern objects. The regional specifics of Ekaterinburg’s architectural historicism revealed by the study manifest themselves most clearly in spatial planning solutions, facade compositions, decorative elements, color treatments, as well as in visually recognizable roof structures and finishing materials. Over time, the approach of the architects to the use of the forms of the «past» in modern buildings varies from simplification, modernization and reproduction of recognizable silhouettes to the employment of planning and compositional features of historical architecture and more accurately reproduced characteristic techniques and decorative elements of historically significant architectural styles. The stylistic orientation of modern objects to prevailing Classicism and Constructivism in the historical environment of Ekaterinburg suggests a general trend towards the emergence of neostyles in the architecture of the city.

Shipitsyna Olga A., Solonina Nadezhda S.
A CONCEPT FOR TRAINING ‘MASTER OF ARCHTECTURE’ DEGREE PROFESSIONALS WITH REFERENCE TO THE REVALORIZATION OF HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES IN THE MIDDLE URALS

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №3 (71) September, 2020

The article substantiates the need for training architects in the field of industrial heritage conservation and re-use. Based on a review of European and domestic experiences in industrial heritage revalorization and advanced approaches to the training of such professionals, a concept of master’s degree course is proposed to be delivered at the Ural States University of Architecture and Art within the discipline “Architectural Design of Urban Industrial Infrastructure”. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the course are defined within the framework of a concept of comprehensive revalorization of the Middle Urals mining and metal-making landscape. This concept allows for the historical background of this Russian old industrial region and includes a specially developed methodology for conducting research at different levels and developing re-use projects. In conclusion, a detailed consideration is given to how relevant research and design skills should be developed in students by engaging them in individual and team work based on specialized historical and theoretical knowledge in the field of industrial heritage management.

Shipitsyna Olga A., Luzhetskaya Ekaterina M.
REGIONAL HISTORICISM IN ARCHITECTURE: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №3 (67)

The article summarizes the design and construction practice in large Russian cities at the turn of the 21st century in relation to retrospectively oriented architectural objects and provides a rationale for studying the regional specifics of historicism in architecture at theoretical level as a concept of architectural science and practice. The concept of «regional specifics of historicism in architecture» is regarded as a complex analytical notion including the contents of such well-elaborated architectural research concepts as «historicism in architecture» and «regional features of architecture». In this connection, the article first defines and represents, in the form of models, the contents of the concepts «historicism in architecture» and «regional features of architecture», and then determines and explicitly shows in the final analytical model the contents of the notion «regional specifics of historicism in architecture». The result of these endeavors is a theoretical foundation for regional historicism studies in architecture in the form an analytical model which logically links the main criteria for assessing historicist objects to the basic research method of comparison of esthetic, engineering and functional planning features of retrospectively oriented modern-day architecture and historical buildings in the region.

Solonina Nadezhda S., Shipitsyna Olga A.
ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL INHERITANCE IN THE REVDA-PERVOURALSK HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL CENTER

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №3 (63) September, 2018

The article presents architectural presentation solutions for facilities in the industrial heritage of Revda-Pervouralsk historical industrial cultural centre. According to the concept of maintenance of such centers and facilities in them - metallurgical mills - developed in the course of the research work, the authors consider in detail possibilities for realization of various principles and means of architectural maintenance presentation of industrial inheritance in the context of the Urals for the Ural industrial heritage of various degrees of preservation.

Solonina Nadezhda S., Shipitsyna Olga A.
A CONCEPT FOR ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATION OF THE REVDA AND PERVOURALSK HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL CENTER

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (62) June, 2018

The article states the need to create a uniform concept for the conservation of the Ural industrial heritage which would allow for the distinctive features of this heritage and the requirements of respecting various historical, cultural, planning and architectural qualities of the historical industrial sites in the Urals during conservation activities and future effective use. At the initial stage, this concept takes the form of an architectural upgrading presentation. The technique used for developing the concept is characterized. More specifically, the article presents the results of a comprehensive survey of the Revda and Pervouralsk historical industrial and cultural center and a concept for its architectural upgrading presentation with a brief description of possible architectural presentation solutions to the issue of conservation and use of these historical industrial sites.

Solonina Nadezhda S., Shipitsyna Olga A.
THE HISTORIO-ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE MIDDLE URALS INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (50) June, 2015

The article provides evidence for conducting comprehensive historio-theoretical studies of provincial historical industrial monuments and sites in the Urals focusing, historically, on the monitoring of the current condition of the industrial heritage and, theoretically, on the assessment of their historio-architectural potential. The results of such monitoring are presented. The historical industrial facilities, sites and other elements of the historical environments have been assessed for extent of preservation, resulting in an understanding how the historical industrial and cultural centres have evolved based on a generalising study of the historio-architectural potential of the Middle Urals industrial heritage.

Petunina Tatiana Yu., Shipitsyna Olga A.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY OF OPEN CITY SPACES

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (50) June, 2015

Based on a theoretical review of studies on the morphology of open city spaces, the article proposes to introduce the term «architectural morphology» and provides a description of the resulting three basic approaches: morphodescriptive, morphotypical and morphogenetic. Consideration of these research areas suggests good prospects for using the morphotypical approach for further research into open city spaces.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
THE ROLE OF THE MINING ENGINEER А.N.KUZNETSOV IN THE CREATION OF URAL INDUSTRIAL ENSEMBLES

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (46) June, 2014

The article presents a chronology of facts from the biography and principal activities of Alexander Nikolaevich Kuznetsov, a mining engineer, at Ural industrial enterprises. More specific attention is given to his role in the creation of unique industrial ensembles at Baranchinsky and Kushvinsky metal works, and at Nevyansk cement works. The study has shown that A. Kuznetsov made a diverse contribution to the creation of industrial ensembles at these enterprises. Whereas in the course of reconstruction of the Baranchinsky mill the industrial ensemble was finalized, construction of an open-hearth furnace at the Kushvinsky mill just indicated a direction of further development for the industrial ensemble. The industrial ensemble of Nevyansk cement works was constructed anew according to then current principles of industrial planning. As a result, the facts and events that took place in the life of Alexander N. Kuznetsov allowed us to demonstrate the major contribution that was made by this unordinary, talented and energetic person to the development of Ural industry as a whole and Ural industrial architecture in particular.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
HISTORY OF URAL INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF MODERN METHODOLOGY

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №4 (44) December, 2013

Proceeding from theoretical consideration of available historical knowledge on Ural industrial architecture necessity, the article states he need to use contemporary methodology of historical research for establishing a new direction which should allow the specifics of architectural culture present in the Ural factory complexes to be identified. Out of the variety of concepts proposed for heritage studies by contemporary architectural history we have chosen an emerging theory of the architectural process in which emphasis is shifted from anecdotal history to cause and effect relationships in the evolution of industrial architecture in the Urals.

The principal outcome of this research is a model for the history of industrial architectural in the Urals, which confirms the hypothesis that it is the architectural ensemble that was of major importance for this regional architectural system. As a result, the evolution of Ural industrial architecture is presented in this model as resulting from a change of the dominating type of architectural ensemble with previously generated types retained. The establishment of this basic pattern has allowed us to reveal periods of qualitative changes in Ural industrial architecture, which occurred every hundred years: in the early 19th century, leading to the creation of factory architectural ensemble, and in the early 20th century, leading to the creation of a basically new type – industrial ensemble. The proposed history model sets a new direction in historical research into Ural industrial architecture, in which emphasis is shifted on studying specific features in the evolution of ensembles in the context of reconstruction of concrete industrial enterprises.

Shipitsyna Olga A., Margushin Alexander L.
DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF EKATERINBURG IN THE LATE 20th – EARLY 21st CENTURY

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №2 (42) June, 2013

The article reflects on research into the architecture of Ekaterinburg of the late 19th – early 21st century with the aim of establishing the degree of preservation (stabilisation, formation, ordering) and degradation (increase in tension, randomness) of the planning and architectural structure of the city in the course of its evolution. The result of the study is a historical picture of developments in the architecture of Ekaterinburg in the late 19th – early 21st century, which has allowed us to identify the chronological boundaries of changes in architectural activity judging by the re-arrangement of the planning and architectural structure of the city depending on changes in social, economic and political conditions, as well as professional orientations.

The resulting historical picture demonstrates a cyclic character of the evolution of Ekaterinburg architecture with four periods/cycles. In each of these periods, the stage of sustainable development is replaced by a stage of instability and, at times, chaos, with subsequent stabilisation of processes. The cyclic character of evolution has been confirmed by a complex study of the historical evolution of the city’s spatial planning structure and of its master plan from the year of foundation (1723) till the early 20th century. Theoretical consideration of the findings has allowed us to identify five specific features in the architectural and planning evolution of Ekaterinburg and to propose an ensemble-based approach, which should allow an architect to consciously work in dialogue with the existing environment.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
THE UNIQUE INDUSTRIAL ENSEMBLE IN KUSHVA: HISTORY OF CREATION AND CONSERVATION CONCEPT

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №1 (37) March, 2012

The article presents the history of the unique industrial ensemble of Kushva Factory based on extensive historical material. Research has shown that it followed in its development the basic regularities observed in Ural industrial architecture. Thus, examination of functional, technological, spatial and aesthetic characteristics of Kushva Factory has enabled us to identify the following sequence of changes in the status of this industrial enterprise as an ensemble: first it emerged as an architectural ensemble of blast-furnace production facilities, then it transformed into an industrial ensemble of metallurgical facilities, which was followed by the creation of an industrial ensemble of mining and metallurgy facilities.

The study has revealed specific features in the emergence of Kusvha as a town-planning ensemble consisting of Kushva Factory industrial ensemble and the spatial ensemble of the historical centre, suggesting a concept of conservation of the cultural and industrial heritage of this town. This concept provides for simultaneous demonstration of two interconnected evolutionary lines in the historical process of Kushva and makes it possible to go from protection of individual monuments of industrial culture and architecture on to the conservation of whole complexes of buildings and structures in Ural cities and towns. Allowing for specific features in the development of specific factories would contribute to the recovery of the diversity of the Ural historical architectural environment.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
INDUSTRIAL ENSEMBLES IN THE URALS

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №1 (33) March, 2011

The article provides arguments to support a new line of research into Ural industrial architecture from the viewpoint of evolution of factory architectural ensembles. The extensive factual material gathered at the previous phase of architectural history studies suggests that from the early 19th century to the early 20th century the Ural industrial enterprises progressed architecturally from architectural ensembles to industrial ones.

The industrial ensemble is a variation of the architectural one; however, the design of such an ensemble involves both technological and artistic/aesthetic requirements. Structurally, the industrial enterprise is influenced by changes in the production process, power supply, type of transportation, etc. However, it is only artistry and aesthetics and architectural composition that allow us to link the various parts of an industrial enterprise into a single whole, i.e. create an industrial ensemble.

The Ural industrial ensembles feature individuality due to the fact that it took them a long time, centuries in some cases, to become an ensemble. We, therefore, first traced their evolution taking into account the factors that influenced the development of the industrial enterprises. With regard to individual development of a specific industrial enterprise, the formation of Ural industrial ensembles by the early 20th century proceeded along three main directions: finalization of the industrial ensemble involving the entire territory of the enterprise; sophistication of the structure of the existing industrial ensemble in connection with the expansion of the factory’s area; creation of a new industrial ensemble in the course of further construction.

Each of the identified directions has a structural type of industrial ensemble corresponding to it. This type is determined by a specific combination of artistic/aesthetic features and architectural composition. Therefore, the Ural industrial ensembles that emerged by the early 20th century have been divided into three types – materially oriented, spatially oriented, and communication oriented, depending on which of the three subsystems of architectural ensemble - material, spatial or communicative - was dominant in them. A study of the Ural industrial ensembles based on the systematization principles adopted has enabled us to identify general artistic/aesthetic and architectural composition patterns underlying the formation of the structure of industrial enterprises.

Shipitsyna Olga A., Sinitsyn Konstantin V.
A CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION OF EKATERINBURG INTO A SYSTEM OF ARCHITECTURAL ENSEMBLES

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №3 (27) September, 2009

This article presents a concept for transformation of Ekaterinburg into a system of architectural ensembles developed on the basis of an ensemble modelling method which allows one to harmonize all the space of the city through the improvement of the peripheral residential area environments.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ АРХИТЕКТУРНЫХ АНСАМБЛЕЙ УРАЛА

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №4 (20) December, 2007

Большинство уникальных промышленных архитектурных ансамблей Урала, за редким исключением, нуждается в восстановлении, так как в их структуре либо утрачены ведущие элементы, либо сохранилась лишь доминанта, а фоновые объекты уничтожены. Для решения этой проблемы в статье предлагается методика ценностного моделирования архитектурно-исторической среды малого уральского города. Ценностное моделирование предполагает выявление значимости утраченных элементов промышленного архитектурного ансамбля и обоснование их восстановления как визуальных акцентов архитектурно-исторической среды. Предложенная методика апробирована для восстановления сформировавшегося к концу XIX века архитектурного ансамбля Баранчинского завода.

Shipitsyna Olga A.
МЕСТО И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КРИТИКИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ МАГИСТРОВ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ

Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education №1 (9) March, 2005